Banana Peels Biosorption free essay sample

The acute and chronic effects of these heavy metals especially lead have been a worldwide concern. In fact in April 2000 the use of leaded gasoline was phased out in Metro Manila, such movement was partly due to the implementation of Clean Air Act of 1 999 as well as the environmental concern of previous president Fidel V. Ramose Add an intro here about the presence and sources of lead and correlate it with the possibility of contaminating waters.Conventional methods for metal removal in water include chemical precipitation, lime coagulation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis and solvent extraction Although this methods for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater, however, are often cost prohibitive having inadequate efficiencies at low metal concentrations, particularly in the range of 1 to DID MGM/L.Some of these methods, furthermore, generate toxic sludge, the disposal of which is a burden on the techno-economic feasibility of treatment procedures The search for new technologies i nvolving the removal of toxic metals from wastewater has directed attention to absorption, based on metal binding capacities of various biological materials. Absorption can be defined as the ability of biological materials to accumulate heavy metals from wastewater through metabolically mediated or physics-chemical pathways of uptake [4].Absorption for the removal of heavy metal ions may provide an attractive alternative to physics-chemical methods The major advantages of absorption over conventional treatment methods include low cost, high efficiency of metal removal from dilute solution, minimization of chemical and/or biological sludge, no additional nutrient requirement, and regeneration of absorbent and the possibility of metal recovery [3]. In this present study, Muss sapient L. Eels, which are available in large quantities or from business operations may have potential to be used as low cost De-leading agent, as they represent unused resources, widely available ND are environmentally friendly. 1. 2 Significance of the Study The researcher aims to generate a low-cost De-leading agent that may be beneficial to the following: Readers -Generating awareness of the readers about the prevalence and increasing concern for heavy metal contamination of Philippine waters.Researchers To help them in developing an inexpensive and effective absorbent that is easily available in large quantities in the Philippines and feasible economically for lead contaminated water. Policy Makers They would be able to create policies about waste water treatments in factories and as well as those who are engaged in the retirement facility of water consumed by the public like MANILAS. 1. 2 Statement of the Problems Conventional methods of removing lead from the environment are said to be cost-prohibitive and generate toxic sludge. In this study the researches sought answers to the following problems: 1 .Can the peels of Muss sapient (L. ) (Fame. Mustache) reduce the level of lead ions from contaminated water. 2. What is the optimum pH of the solution for banana peels to exhibit maximum Absorption capacity? 3. What is the effect of contact time on the Absorption capacity of banana peels? 4. What is the effect of initial metal concentration of lead in the solution to the amount of lead adsorbed by the banana peels? 1. 3 Objectives of the study 1. 3. 1 General Objective The general objective of this study is: 1 . To determine the potential absorbent capacity of the peels of Muss sapient (L. ) (Fame.Mustache). 1. 3. 2 specific Objectives: The specific objectives of this study are: 1 . Determine if banana peels can reduce the level of lead ions from contaminated water 2. Determine the optimum pH by which banana peels exhibit maximum absorption capacity 3. Determine the optimum contact time and the effect of contact time on sorption capacity of banana peels 4. Determine the effect of initial lead concentration on amount of lead adsorbed by the banana peels 1. 3. 1 Hypothesis Ho 1: The fruit peels of Muss sapient (L. ) (Fame. Mustache) can reduce the level of lead ions in contaminated water. Ha 1: The fruit peels of Muss sapient (L. ) (Fame. Mustache) cannot reduce Ho 2: Maximum lead ion removal by banana peel is at pH 3. Ha 2: Maximum lead ion removal by banana peel is not at pH 3. Ho 3: There is no direct relationship between contact time and absorption capacity of banana peels, up to a certain extent. Absorption kinetics does to follow a pseudo-second-order model. Ha 3: There is a direct relationship between contact time and absorption capacity Of banana peels, up to a certain extent. Absorption kinetics follows a pseudo-second-order model.Ho 4: There is no direct relationship between initial concentration of chromium in the solution and amount of chromium adsorbed by the banana peels, as best described by Languid isotherm model. Ha 3: There is a direct relationship between initial concentration of peels, as best described by Languid isotherm model Scope and Delimitations Samples were collected in a street vendor along U. N. Avenue. The specific research was conducted at EACH School of Pharmacy 7th floor E 7- laboratory room, and use of instruments such as Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was performed in De La Scale University-Taft, Manila.The study evaluates the absorbent effect of Muss sapient L. (Banana peel) for Lead-contaminated water solution. The study focused on Lead-contaminated water solution only. The study did not focus on the lead content of banana peels per SE. Chapter II Review of Related Literature 2. 1 Lead in the Environment Lead is a gray, soft, and malleable metal that exists naturally as a mixture of three isotopes. It serves as one Of the most important heavy metal contaminants [6]. According to the WHO, Lead poisoning is one of the most significant environmental health threats that children face. Exposure to even low levels of lead may lead to impairment of childhood cognitive function and abnormal infant behavior. It was reported that 21% of 2861 children living in the rural Philippines had elevated levels of lead in whole blood Lead is a classified as possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and also listed by the United States-Environmental Protection Agency as one of priority contaminants. Removal of Lead from wastewater before they are released is of high importance, due to its detrimental health effects for humans. 8] 2. 2 Absorption as a solution Absorption serves as a potential cost-effective alternative in the removal of heavy metals in water through adsorption [8]. Most absorption related studies focused on several fungal strains and several species Of marine algae [9]. Absorption is a physic-chemical adsorption whereby metal ions become attached to the biomass surface It can be defined as the ability of biological materials to ac cumulate heavy metals from wastewater through metabolically edited or physics-chemical pathways of uptake [4]. The major advantages of absorption over conventional treatment methods include low cost, high efficiency of metal removal from dilute solution, minimization of chemical and/or biological sludge, no additional nutrient requirement, and regeneration of absorbent and the possibility of metal recovery 2. 3 Potential use of Banana Peels Banana (Muss SP. ) peel is an abundant and low cost agricultural waste residue and is easily available in large quantities. Cache et al. [2009] investigated the efficiency of banana peel as a absorbent for removal of Heinlein compounds from Olive mill wastewater.Transylvania et al. [2010] and Lie et al. [2007] was demonstrated to convert solid fruit peel residue into an effective adsorbent for the adsorption of metal ions and compared the activity with activated carbon. Lemon peel, orange peel, and banana peel as adsorbents for the removal Of various metal ions such as cue(al), In(al), Zen(al), BP(al), and Cd(al). Muss sapient peels were analyzed for minerals, nutritional and anti- nutritional contents. The result of mineral content analysis indicates the presence of potassium, calcium, sodium, iron, manganese, bromide, podium, strontium, zirconium, and niobium.Protein, crude lipid, carbohydrate and crude fiber were also indicated. The peels of Muss sapient, if exploited and processed properly, could be a high-quality and cheap source of carbohydrates and minerals for livestock [4]. The Muss sapient peels, which is usually ignored and treated as waste could be domesticated for proper utilization and use [10]. Morphological Properties of Banana Muss sapient which is commonly called banana is a herbaceous plant of the family Mustache. The banana plant is the largest herbaceous flowering plant.The main or upright stem is actually a pseudonym, growing from a corm, to a height of 6 to 7. 6 meters. Leaves are spirally arranged, as long as 2. 7 meters and 60 CM wide, fragile and easily torn by wind, with the familiar frond look. Each pseudonym produces a single bunch of bananas; the pseudonym dies after fruiting, as offshoots usually develop from the base of the plant. Each pseudonym produces a single inflorescence, the banana heart, containing many bracts between rows of flowers. The banana fruits develop from the heart, in a hanging cluster made up of tiers (hands), up to 20 fruit to a tier.According to the study conducted by Engage et al. , shows the concentration of potassium to be highest (78. MGM/g). The concentration (MGM/egg) of calcium, sodium, iron, and manganese were 19. 20, 24. 30, 0. 61 and 76. 20 respectively. The appreciable high content of potassium signifies that if the peel is taken, it will help in the regulation of body fluids and maintained normal blood pressure. Chapter 3 Materials and Methods Modify the procedures in chapter 3 1 already changed the objectives and hypothesis. 3. Collection of Plant Material Banana peels (Muss sapient L), biomass will be collected from the local racket. The biomass will be dried in sun for fifteen days. The buds will be removed and further dried in sun for another fifteen days. This biomass will be washed with tap water to remove any dust or foreign particles attached to biomass and thoroughly rinsed with distilled water. The washed biomass will be dried at chic and ground to powder using mortar and pestle. Grinded biomass will be further thoroughly washed with distilled water till the color of washing water clear.The powdered biomass will be dried in oven at SOC to a constant weight. The absorbent will be again ground to powder and careened using a sieve of mesh size 80 to an approximate size of 1. 5-2 millimeter. [1] 3. 2 Reagent Preparation Stock solution of lead (MGM/L) will be prepared by dissolving the desired quantity of hydrated lead acetate in distilled water. Other concentrations will be obtained by proper dilution of stock solution. The chemicals used will be Of analytical reagent grade. [1] 3. 3 Determination of Absorption Capacity Absorption studies will be carried out by batch process.